Your Guide to Sensitive Skin: What it is, Causes, Signs and More
Sensitive skin is estimated to affect 60-70% of women and 50-60% of men worldwide. If you’re experiencing sensitive skin or your skin feels sensitive, the best solution is to understand the main causes, signs and how to effectively manage it.
What is sensitive skin?
While sensitive skin is a very common issue, it isn’t a medical diagnosis in itself. According the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI) the definition of sensitive skin is “a syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (stinging, burning, pain, pruritus and tingling sensations) in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations. These unpleasant sensations cannot be explained by lesions attributable to any skin disease. The skin can appear normal or be accompanied by erythema.”(1)
Usually, people with sensitive skin react badly to the chemicals, fragrances and dyes often found in many skincare products (or other products that come into contact with their skin, such as detergents). Redness, dryness and a weakened skin barrier as a result of these reactions typically indicate signs of skin sensitivity. Clothing itself can also be a cause; friction or certain fabrics can create irritation. Likewise, a person’s allergies to other substances, such as laundry detergents, could also be a cause of sensitive skin.
However, an alternative reason for sensitive skin could be due to the person’s health — Sensitive skin could be a symptom of an underlying medical or health condition.
Five common signs of skin sensitivity
Below are common signs of skin sensitivity which can point you in the right direction:
What are the five signs?
Dryness: Dry skin can feel rough, tight or itchy. Visible signs include flakes or skin having a raw texture.
Itchiness: Can look like redness and discomfort.
Roughness: When flaky, dull and patchy skin is visible and skin generally feels dry.
Tightness: Similar sensations to dryness, where skin feels quite taut and stiff.
Weakened skin barrier: If any stinging or burning occurs, you may have a damaged skin barrier.
To find out more about the signs of sensitive skin, read The 5 signs of sensitive skin.
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SENSITIVE SKIN
Although the exact cause of sensitive skin is not fully understood by the scientific community, several characteristics have been attributed to an increased likelihood of sensitive skin.
Gender
Different genders have different hormone levels and use the body in different ways, so the skin’s integrity can be affected by differences in sweat, blood flow and pH levels.(2)
Age
As we age, the outer layer of our skin naturally becomes thinner. This is due to a reduction in collagen and elastin in the dermis. This leads to skin that is more prone to bruising and easier to irritate. (3)
SKIN TONE
Fairer skin is paler and has less melatonin, a natural chemical that stimulates antioxidant enzymes in the skin. This means fair skin often can’t block free radicals as effectively and is more susceptible to sunburn.
ENVIRONMENTAL & EXTERNAL FACTORS
The place you live in has an impact on your skin’s sensitivity levels. Enhanced exposure to rough winds and cold climates can negatively affect your delicate skin barrier.
SUN EXPOSURE
The IFSI also found that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) intensifies symptoms of skin sensitivity through sun exposure, which can create itch or burning pain sensations.(4)
AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE
If you live in a busy town near heavy traffic, your exposure to pollution is higher and, during the course of your day, your skin can absorb chemicals that cause your skin to be stressed.
The do’s & don’ts for sensitive skin
Do's
Use products made for sensitive skin
Understanding exactly what your skin needs is important if you have sensitive skin. There are simply some products that won’t be right or will include ingredients that won’t be right, so use products that are particularly tailored to your skin's needs. Take a look at our list below to understand what ingredients to avoid.
Opt for a gentle skin cleanser
Sensitive skin varies tremendously across skin types. It responds differently to different cleansing methods. However, most dermatologists agree that fragranced or ‘deodorant’ soaps are not always the best option for the body. Instead, soap free cleansers, mild liquid cleansers or cleansing bars are much less likely to cause irritation. This is the case for cleansing creams and disposable washcloths as well.
Lock in moisture and restore healthy skin’s barrier
Using a moisturizing product helps skin hold moisture which resists drying.
Always patch test products before applying all over
It’s always best to patch test a new product (a patch behind your ear makes for a good place) before applying all over your face. Then wait at least 24 hours to see if the product causes any irritation or if you develop a rash. If you have particularly hypersensitive skin, it’s best to then follow this with another test beside your eye. If both are clear, you’re fine to apply more widely.
Use a gentle make-up remover
Using a gentle make-up remover reduces the likelihood of skin sensitivity as they contain fewer harsh ingredients.
Throw away old cosmetics
Expired make-up and other products can become contaminated or carry bacteria that may exacerbate or cause sensitive skin.
Use an SPF of 30 or higher
Sensitive skin is often extra-sensitive to sunlight and UV rays. By wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen all year round with an SPF 30 or higher, you are able to reduce the risk of sunburn to delicate tissue and skin.
Don’ts
Use very hot or cold water
Using very hot water to wash your skin can cause heightened irritation, sensitivity and strip skin of its natural oils causing dryness. Very cold water doesn’t cleanse your skin sufficiently or unclog the pores. Lukewarm water is the best option as it balances skin oils and removes dirt.
Rub sensitive skin too much
Rubbing and scratching at sensitive skin can exacerbate symptoms and makes sensitive skin inflamed and irritated.
Introduce multiple products at once
Overloading your skin with different products causes stress and can cause sensitivity. While our products are created for sensitive skin, so for the most part are suitable to combine, introducing several ingredients to your skin at once can cause bad reactions. Being aware of skincare products’ components is crucial for sensitive skin.
Forget to regularly clean your make-up brushes
Cleaning your brushes regularly protects against contamination, bacteria or dirt that cause sensitive skin to react badly.
Cetaphil’s sensitive skin range is entirely designed for sensitive skin. All our products are dermatologist recommended and clinically proven to be gentle to sensitive skin. Products include:
● Daily Advance Ultra Hydrating Lotion
Which ingredients should I look for or avoid in products for sensitive skin?
People with sensitive skin need to understand the products that are right for them, and should seek out products with simple ingredients that will be gentle on their skin. There are a number of ingredients that are extremely beneficial to sensitive skin, ones that moisturize and soothe sensitive skin. These include the following:
● Shea butter
● Ceramides
● Panthenol
● Niacinamide
● Glycerin
● Tocopherol
● Hyaluronic Acid
● Aloe Vera
● Urea
● Avocado Oil
● Sweet Almond Oil
If you have sensitive skin, it’s also important to know which products and ingredients to avoid. Patients should also consult their doctor before using these products. These include products containing:
● Alcohol
● Certain levels of Retinoids
Cetaphil uses products that are beneficial and are especially tailored to sensitive skin. To learn more about the formula and ingredients used in Cetaphil’s products, watch this video:
When should I see a doctor about my skin?
The best way to manage sensitive skin is to see a professional dermatologist. This will help you find out the source or the cause of the sensitivity. Dermatologists can test the skin, check for any allergies and consider whether there may be underlying conditions causing the problem.
Management of sensitive skin
The management of extremely sensitive skin typically involves identifying, and then, eliminating the triggers for it and using products designed for sensitive skin. This may lead to using medications or home remedies — we recommend that you talk to your healthcare provider to find a treatment solution suitable for you.
If you’ve got sensitive skin, keep learning about what your skincare regime should include, by reading more Skincare Tips.
